Trafficking in Persons-Global Patterns, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, www.unodc.org, 24 April 2006.

This most recent report released by the UNODC identifies 127 countries of origin, 98 transit countries and 137 destination countries for human trafficking.  It emphasizes that international efforts to stop trafficking have been hindered by the lack of accurate data, which shows an overall unwillingness of some countries to admit their internal problems.  The report ranked states on a scale from "very low" to "very high" as countries of origin and destination.  It was found that people are usually trafficked from poor countries to affluent ones and that in most cases women and children are the ones targeted.

Integration of the Human Rights of Women and a Gender Perspective, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights aspects of the victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Sigma Huda, Commisions on Human Rights, United Nations, 20 February 2006.

This report identifies factors influencing trafficking in persons and looks at the impact demand has on this process. The first section describes the activities of the Special Rapporteur during the time period of January-December 2005. The second section examines the link between human trafficking and the demand for commercial sexual exploitation, and the final section consists of conclusions and recommendations from the Special Rapporteur. The report emphasizes methods used to target demand side trafficking as used by intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The report concludes by addressing paths for education and advocacy.

Good Practices in Reponse to Trafficking in Human Beings: Cooperation Between Civil Society and Law Enforcement in Europe, Danish Red Cross, 2005.

This report seeks to identify the different aspects of trafficking and examine their implications for appropriate and effective practices. It also analyzes frameworks for cooperation between government and civil society in Europe. The pratices of various non-governmental organizations, from such countries as Serbia, Ukraine, Belgium, and Italy, are profiled to support the study with evidence and enhance its regional diversity. Sections on law enforcement training and operational issues also exist.

2005 Human Rights Report on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, The Protection Project, 2005.

Individual country reports that examine trafficking in persons.  Broken into sections that cover trafficking routes, factors that contribute to trafficking, forms of trafficking, government responses, non-governmental and international organization responses, and multilateral initiatives.  Countries from Europe and Central Asia, Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, and North Africa and the Middle East are included.

The Health Risks and Consequences of Trafficking in Women and Adolescents. Findings from a European Study, Zimmerman, C., Yun, K., Shvab, I., Watts, C., Trappolin, L., Treppete, M., Bimbi, F., Adams, B., Jiraporn, S., Beci, L., Albrecht, M., Bindel, J., and Regan, L., London: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 2003. (PDF, 130 pages).

This report describes the health effects throughout the entire cycle of trafficking. It also provides an overview of international law and concludes by making recommendations.

U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Reports for 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.

These reports include an analysis of the level of compliance of various countries (origin, transit and destination) with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, set forth in the U.S. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000.

U.S. State Department Trafficking Report Undercut by Lack of Analysis, Human Rights Watch, 11 June, 2003.

This press release comments on and critiques the 2003 State Department Trafficking Report.

Data and Research on Human Trafficking: A Global Survey.  International Organization for Migration, 2005. (PDF, 339 pages)

This report reviews the research and data on trafficking and shows that despite the growing literature on trafficking around the world, information on the actual numbers of people trafficked remains very sketchy.  Includes 9 regional chapters and suggests a number of ways to enhance research and data on human trafficking.

Pathbreaking Strategies in the Global Fight Against Sex Trafficking, U.S. Department of State and War Against Trafficking Alliance, February 23-26, 2003.

This conference report includes recommendations on protection of victims, prosecution of traffickers, and prevention of future abuses. It also reports on strategies to combat trafficking developed during ten regional workshops. In addition, the report includes the texts of keynote speeches delivered at the conference.

Europe, Central Asia, and North America Region. Quarterly Reports on Field Offices, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2003-2004.

Field reports from various countries.  Include reporting on specific initiatives and actions as well as trafficking and human rights issues.

Journeys of Jeopardy: A Review of Research on Trafficking in Women and Children in Europe, International Organization for Migration (IOM), September 2002.

A summary of the report, which includes the table of contents, and information about ordering the complete report are available on-line.

Hopes Betrayed: Trafficking of Women and Girls to Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina for Forced Prostitution, Human Rights Watch, Volume 14 No. 9, November 2002.

This report details the phenomoenon of trafficking women and girls to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It provides accounts of victims' experiences, outlines the legal protections against trafficking, and discusses the Bosnian government response to the issue. It also provides recommendations to local, national, and international bodies for how to prevent and combat trafficking in the country.

Combating Trafficking in Persons: A Directory of Organizations, Change, Anti-Trafficking Program, 2002.

This directory contains a country-by-country list of organizations involved in combating trafficking. It also provides an overview of the trafficking situation in each country, discussing legislation and outlining the services provided by institutions and organizations in the area.

Local Particularities - International Generalities: Traffic in Women in Central and South-Eastern Europe, Chris Corrin, Paper for presentation at European Consortium for Political Research in Copenhagen, 14-19 April 2000. (PDF, 18 pages).

This paper offers a theoretical perspective to the situation of trafficking in Central and Southeastern Europe.   

Women as Chattel: The Emerging Global Market in Trafficking, Gender Matters Quarterly No. 1, February 1999, published by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Women in Development.

The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights (1995); Chapter 4 Trafficking of Women and Girls into Forced Prostitution and Coerced Marriage.

Reports from the First Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking (October 29-31, 2009)

Stories of Sex Trafficking: Rescue, Victimization, and Silence (October 2009); Donna M. Bickford, Carolina Women’s Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

A Social Ecological Framework for addressing Social Issues (October 2009); Alexis Jaclyn Hickman, Lyndsey Christoffersen, Mo Sami, and Chitvan Trivedi 

Unintended Consequences: Understanding Human Trafficking in the United States (October 2009); Lyndsey Christoffersen 

Human Trafficking Legislation Across the States: The Determinants of Comprehensiveness (October 2009); Vanessa Bouche and Dana Wittmer

Chab Dai USA Mapping Project: U.S. Based Agencies Working Against Trafficking & Exploitation (October 2009); Tania DoCarmo 


Understanding Human Trafficking: Development of Typologies of Traffickers PHASE II (October 2009); Noël Busch-Armendariz, Maura Nsonwu, and Laurie Cook Heffron 

On the Road to Victory in America's War on Human Trafficking: Landmarks, Landmines, and the Need for Centralized Strategy (October 2009); Valerie Payne 

Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Trafficked Girls: The Laura Vicuna Foundation Experience (October 2009); Maria Victoria Palomo Sta. Ana

Sex Trafficking Needs Assessment for the State of Minnesota (October 2009); Mary C. Ellison 

Which Comes First, The Smuggling or The Trafficking? (October 2009); Linda Brandmiller and Elizabeth Crooks 

Commercial sexual exploitation of American Indian women and girls (October 2009); Suzanne Koepplin and Alexandra (Sandi) Pierce

Development in the Debate over Diplomatic Immunity for Diplomats Who Enslave Domestic Workers (October 2009); Usama Kahf

Estimating the Extent of Out-Migration Human Trafficking in Ukraine (October 2009); Ron Hampton, Dwayne Ball, Julie Pennington, and Anh Nguyen

Integrating Modern-Day Slavery into Interdisciplinary First-Year Seminars  (October 2009) Keisha L. Hoerrner and Ruth Goldfine 

Understanding the Determinants of Police Identification of Human Trafficking Cases (December 2009); Amy Farrell 

Religious Conviction and Human Trafficking: Motive Matters (October 2009); Nathan Adams, Julia Bingman, Jared Littleton, and Jeremy Scott

Trafficking in Persons: Analyzing International Case Law to Understand Crime and the Criminal (October 2009); Laura Lederer

The Trafficked Worker as Private Attorney General: A Model for Enforcing the Civil Rights of Undocumented Workers (December 2009); Kathleen Kim